Phoranso provides 3 distinct Calibration methods, allowing users to tailor the image calibration process to their specific needs:


  1. Standard calibration: in this method,  Phoranso: 
    • Subtracts the Master Dark image from the science image.
    • Divides the resulting image by a Normalized Master Flat image, to produce the calibrated science image. 

A Master Bias image is not required, as its effects are already included in the Master dark image.


  1. Advanced calibration: this method offers a more precise calibration by:
    • (optionally) Subtracting a Master Bias image from the science image to produce an intermediate image I1. 
    • Scaling the best available Master Dark image to match the exposure time of the science image. 
    • Subtracting the scaled Master Dark image from I1, producing a second intermediate image I2. 
    • Dividing I2 by the Normalized Master Flat image, to produce the calibrated science image.


  1. Custom calibration: this option allows users to apply a predefined custom calibration method. Currently, Phoranso provides one custom that uses only a (Normalized) Master Flat image for calibrating the science image.  Additional custom calibration methods can be added upon request.